Typewriting-machine



E. B. STUART.

TYPEWRITINQ MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED 050.13. 1918.

Patented Sept. 7, 1920.

7 SHEETSSHEET I.

INVENTOR. M 6% ATTORNEYS.

W1 TNESSES: n a

@gagi s m E. B. STUART.

TYPEWRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED nac. I3, 1918.

H PatentedSept. 7,1920.

7 S.HEETSSHEET 2.

ATTORNEYS.

E. B. STUART.

TYPEWRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. I3, 1918- 1,352,229, PatentedSept. 7, 1920,

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3- WITNESSES:

INVEN TOR. M

A TTORNEYS.

Patellmd Sept. 7, 1920.

1 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

INVENTOR. [M .8. 522M,

A TTORNEYS.

E. B. STUART. TYPEWRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 13. 1918. 11,352,229.

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- E. B. STUART.

TYPEWRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION HLED' DEC. I3, 1910.

1, 352,229. Patented Sept. 7,1920.

TSHEETS-SHEET 5.

l I l WITNESSES: f v 6 INVE NTOIf. flung-mum.

ATTORNEYS.

E. B. STUART.

TYPEW RITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED DEC. l3. L918.

7 SHEETS SHEET 6.

' A TTORNEKS'.

E. B. STUART.

TYPEWRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 13. 1918.

1,352,229, I PatentedSept.7,1920.-

7 SHEETS-SHEET 7- WITNESSES: a INVENTOR- ATTORNEYS.

v UNITED STAT nnwfanns B. s'ruen'r, or case, 1|; m ors.

' sp ra s nt Patented Sept. 7.1920.

Application fi led December 13, 1918. Serial No. 266,569.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Enwanns B. STUART, a citizen of the Fnited States of America, and a resident of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ty'pewriting-Machines, of which the followingis a 7 specification.

- OPEl'iltOl',

The objects of this invention are to pro vide improvements in the construction and operation of typewriters, designed with a view to lightening the work required and permit rapid successive operation of the keys. The arrangement provides that if the time interval between the depression of keys is extremely slight, the depression of a key will assist in restoring the key depressed on the preceding stroke. The construction includesimprove'd means for differentially adjusting the type carrier and causing it to travel along the platen as the writing progresses; and improved spacing mechanism notrequiring the 'de-- pression of a space 'key upon printing such punctuation marks as commas and periods. The machine is so arranged that the paper may be entered directly to initial writing positionwithout revolving the platen. It

is also the purpose of the invention to modify the nature of the impact of the type with the platen to lessen noise and reducetaken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a front elevat on, partly broken away.

Fig. at is a transverse vertical section taken on the line :l.-4: of Fig. 1. p p

Fig. 5 is a view in elevation of the righthand end of the machine.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary plan view taken on the line '66 .of Figs. 2 and 3.

of an on the table rectly entered by pushing toward left. The

length, and a Fig. is a'fragmentary view in front elevation showing the type carrier carriage and line spacing mechanism operated-thereby;

Fig. 8 is a side view ofthe -carrier 7 and inking roll.

Fig. 9 is a detail view in plan of part of the line spacing mecha Fig. 10, Sheet 2, is a sectional detail on line 10-10, Fig. 2. a I

Referring to genera characteristics of the typewriting machine shown in the draw %he framework is formed ofupper and lower sections which are hinged together at the rear in order to permit of easy access to the mechanism contained in the casing, and the paper. The platen and paper holding mechanisms are so arranged with respect to each other, that the paper may he passe on to the platen between two opposed rollers from the right hand side, enabling paper to be inserted in the position for writing without the necessity of turning the platen to force paper forward to position desired, and thereby also providing for a position from which paper may be dikeys, type carrier and type carrier adjusting-mechanism are mounted in the. upper section and the platen lower section. The type carrier is in e as is located the form of a cylinder extending over the platen from front to rear of the machine, the platen extending from side to side of the machine. The type carrier is rotatable for the purpose of bringing characters into operative position. Any one of the characters of a set'is selected for an impression by shifting the type carrying cylinder difierentially in the direction of its carriage which supports the arranged to be'shifted from type carrier is during the Writing of a line.

step motion section 1 of The lower platen suppo the typewriter frame is shownin Fig. 5 as carrying pivot pins 2 around which the-upper section 3 of the t 5H! may be swung to permit convenientaccess to the mechamsm in the lower part of the section 3. Fig. 2 shows the relative locations of the operating keys 4 and difie'rential mechanism 5 for effecting the lengthwise adjustment or selection of characters on the type cylinder. The type cylinder 6 is shown exten from front to rear of the machine over an difierent sets or printing left to right of the machine by a step-by- V transversely to the direction of length of 7 preferably by supporting pins 13 and 14 Figs. 1, 2, 4, an

on separate blocks 131 and 141 which rest in rack constructions 132 and 142. The latter are serrated to receive teeth cast in the blocks 131 and 141 and retain the blocks in definite position. I

F or the purpose of differentially adjusting the type carrier in the direction of its length, the forward ends of arms 12 are formed with flat surfaces 15 on their lower edges, which extend at different angles and mayengage horizontal, parallel cylinders 16 and 17 of a pivoted frame 18 and adjust it correspondingly. The frame 18 is pivbtally mounted on a central bar 19 and when rocked from one angular position to another by engagement of the surface 15 of one of the arms 12 with the cylinders 16 and 17, upon the depression of a key, the frame is rocked either forwardly or rearwardly from its previoussetting', to one correspond ing withthe angle formed b the surface 15 of the operated arm 12. he frame 18 at each end is provided with internal teeth 20 which mesh with a pinion 21 fast with gears or segment gears 22 ournaled on short shafts 23. The bar 19 and the short shafts 23 are carried by a vertically movable frame structure 24. The frame 24 includes tracks '25, Fig. 3, along which are shiftable the racks 26 "meshing with gears 22. The racks 26 are connected together by the bars 27 upon which the type c linder supporting frame 28. is slidable. otion of the racks, as received from the gears 22, effects the lengthwise adjustment of the type carrying cylinder 6 for the selection of different characters thereon, while for the purpose of spacing, the type carrier frame is adjustable along the rods 27.

The frame structure 24 which supports the gears 22 and racks 26,.rods 27 and type carnage 28 thereon, is supported at the inner ends of two (pairs of arms 29 and 30, 6. The arms 29 are pivoted in alinement with the studs 14, while the arms 30 are pivoted on studs 31 extending inwardly from the sides of the upper section 3 in the machine frame. en a key is depressed the frame 18 is given its desired angular adjustment toimpart motion to the racks 26. The type supporting ,therefore speeds the return T which the operator exerts the lesserpressure.

platen, each arm 12 carries cylinder 6 and both its frame and the frame 24 are at the same time forced downwardly and thus cause the selected type of the type cylinder to make an impression. Upon the release of the ke the frame 24 and mechanism carried thereon are restored to normal position by springs 40 bearing against rearward extensions .38 of arms 29.

For the purpose of providin interference against too rapid successive epression of keys, and also to cause the depression of a key to assist in restoring a partly depressed or returning key, the arms 34 of bell crank levers 11, Flg. 2, engage and operate a pawl 35 which is universal to all of the bell crank levers 11. Y

The pawl 35 is a horizontal bar which in cross section is in the form of a bell crank lever. lVhen the vertical arm of the pawl is engaged by one of the arms 34, the horizontal arm of the pawl rocks upwardly to the rear of the remaining arms 34. The pawl 35 not only has this rocking motion, but swings rearwardly and downwardly around studs 14. The pawl is pivoted to and connects the upper ends of a pair of arms 36. Curved rods 37 are rigid with the arms 36 and extend from their upper ends through rearward projections 38 of arms 29 and to rearwardly extending portions 39 of the arms 36. A spring 40 surrounds each rod 37 and is compressed between the arms 36 and 38. lllhen the pawl 35 is rocked by the depression of a key and its horizontal arm is in the path of the arms 34 of the remaining bell crank levers 11, the depression of another key before the first one is fully released would result in forcing the pawl and its supporting arms 36 to swing to the right and compress the springs 40, but since these springs are already under more .or less compression pawl 35 is first cammed back to normal position due to the shape of its horizontal arm and of the key upon .F or the purpose of effecting spacing of the type carrying cylinders with respect to the early in the stroke of the arm, engages one of the teeth of a star-shaped or pinion bar shaft 42 and slidably rotates the shaft. The shaft 42 is journaled at its ends in the frame structure 3 and extends through the righthand side frame, where it carries a beveled pinion 43 meshing with a pinion 44 on shaft a pawl 41 which,

45.. This shaft carries a plurality of pinions 46 of different sizes for meshing with different pinions 47 is slidable along a shaft 49 and has a spline which'engagesa groove 50 in the shaft. The extent of angular rotation imparted to the shaft 49 depends upon which pair of pinions 46 and 47 is-engaged, The sleeve 48 may be shifted along the shaft 49 by the ar 51 on a sleeve 48. The sleeve with the sleeve and has a tooth 52 which may enter one of the apertures 53 in a fixed bracket 54 and thus retain the sleeve in the desired position along the shaft 49. The shaft 49 at its forward end carries a beveled pinion 55 engaging a pinion 56 which is rigid with a threaded shaft 57. The thread on shaft 57 engages teeth 58 (Fig. 2) at the rear end of a key 59. This key is pivoted on a rod 60 and its teeth are normally held in engagement with the threaded shaft, 57 by a spring 61. The object of pivoting the key is'to provide means for disengaging its teeth from the shaft 57 and permittinga rapid motion of the type carrying bar 6 by shifting the key to the right or left along the rod 60. The key 59 is located between a pair of ears 62 rigid with a frame 63. This frame carries wheels 64 resting on rods or tracks 65. The frame is shifted along these tracks either by means of the key 59 or rotation of the threaded shaft 5 as received from the pinion rod 42 and adjustable gearing previously described. The frame 63 as shown in Fig. 7 has a depending'part 32 extending into a fork 281 of the frame structure 28 which supports the type carrier. When frame 28 moves up and down under the action of writing keys, it does not become disengaged from frame 63 due to the sliding connection with depending part 32 of frame The'punctuation keys are preferably not only provided with a pawl 41 but also a pawl 411, Fig. 2, so that an additional motion will be imparted to the tooth bar 42 on the up-stroke of the key'and thereby make unnecessary a separate depression of a space Eey after the depression of a punctuation The space bar 412 operates the toothed bar 42 and connected spacing mechanism the same as the letter keys but does not carry an arm-12 and therefore does not affect the setting of the type-carrier..

The type carrier or cylinder 6 carries a plurality of rows of type, which rows may be small letters, capital letters, italics, etc., five rows being illustrated in the drawings. The cylinder is rotatably mounted in its supporting frame and may be rotated to bring position either by the knurled head 68 or the gearing shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4. This gearing comprises the gears 69 and 70, shaft 71, spiral gears 72 and 73, shaft 74, and the pair of beveled gears 75, shaft '76, and the beveled gears 77 and 78, Fig. 4. The gear 78 is rigid and rotatable with a bent bar 79 journaled in the frame 24 and coac'ting with an adjustable cam 80. Normally, when the frame 24 is forced downwardly at the time of taking an impression, the bent arm is turned far enough by engagement with the -bent rod 79.

- depressed,

'ing as p The line spacing is effected by rotating the different .sets of type into operative- .cam 80, to effect rotation-of the type careffect an impression of a row of capitals it I would be necessary to rotate the type cylinder twice the extent mentioned, the cam 80 is adjusted so as to double the throw of the Adjustment of the cam is effected by the keys 83,84, or 85, Fig. 4. hen the key 83 is depressed, it will remain in its depressed position until pulled up by the operator, whereas when the key 84 is it will immediately return under spring action when released by the operator. Each of these keys is provided with an inclined cam shoulder 86 for engagement with the shoulders 87 on the horizontal bar 88 rigid with the cam 80. The bar 88 is slidable in bearings 89 and is restored to normal position when released by the spring 90. The key 85 is arranged to give to the bar 88 a greater throw than may be imparted to it by either of keys 83 or 84., This key may be locked in anyone of a plurality of positions by the pawl 90 which is mounted on the upper end of a bell crank lever 91 which supports the key, and the pawl coacts with a fixed tooth rack 92. The remaining bell crank lever 93 for assisting in supporting the key is in the form of a segment gear meshing with rack teeth 94 on the bar 88,

and serves to transmit motion from the key to the bar.

Platen 7 is preferably formed of a hard incasing shell 95, Fig. 2, surrounding a cylinder 96 of soft rubber or other resilient material. The purpose of such construction is to provide a hard platen surface which will result in sharp and clean impressions, while at the same time being elastic and cushioning the impact of the type by -mov a whole against the softer inner core platen from the gears 97 and 98, Fig. 3 he gear 97 is fast to the inner cylinder 96 of the platen and the gear98 is fast to a shaft 99, which, as shown in Fig. 7 carries a ratchet wheel 100. This ratchet wheel is rotated by a pawl 101 pivoted on an arm 102 at the lower end of a vertical shaft 103. At its upper end shaft 103 carries an arm 104, Fig. 6, to which is attached a tooth rack 105 This rack cooperates with a spring re storer drivingpawl 106 .slidable on shaft 65.

lWhen the type carrier carriage 28 is restored to the left hand side o'fthe machine after the writing of a line, it engages pawl 106, causing the latter to impart motion to rack 105 and thereby through the gearing rotate the platen the distance, of one line space. This distance may be varied as desired by adjusting the stop 107 into one or the other;

of the perforations 108 in a plateattached to the machine frame.

The paper rollers 109, Fig. 5, which hold the paper firmly against the platen are carried by arms'llO, pivoted to. the machine frame by pins 111. These arms may both be rocked to carry the rollers 109 awa from the platen by means'of the depressi le key 112. When the restoring springs 113 pass below a center line between the centers of pivots 111 and pins 114, they will serve to retain the paper rollers 109 clear of the platen. The paper may then be inserted between-the rollers and the platen from the right hand side of the machine. One of the rollers may be lifted independent of the other by means of the extensions 115 of their supporting shafts, as shown in Fig. 3.

In the operation of the machine, since the platen does not travel from side to side of the machine, the paper written upon remains in one position during the writing of a line, but at the completion of each line, when the type carrier is restored to the left side of the machine by means of the key 59, the platen is rotated a line space, feeding the paper toward the rear of the machine. means the paperis gradually fed out of the .By this machine through the open space above the type carrier 116, Fig. 2. By the manipulation of the writing keys, the arms 12, Fig. 2, are successively. depressed. Each of these arms has a surface 15, extending at the proper angle for the'purpose of adjusting 'justed lengthwise along its guide rails from its previous setting direct to the position for making an impression of the selected letter.

Continued downward motion of'the arm 12 results in frame 18 moving downwardly and carrying with it frame 24 and the type carrier. 6 which is slidably supported in said frame, until the type. carrier engages the paper on the platen. During the downward motion of the type carrier, it is given a part rotation, due to the arm 79 shown at the right of Fig. 2 engaging cam 80. This part rotation of the type carrier causes the selected typeto wipe past the ink roller 82, Fig. 7, before making the impression. The motion through arm 79 is transmitted to the type carrier from g: .ring and s'plined shafts which admit of the type carrier moving from side to side of the machine and also in thedirection of its length without unmeshing the gearing.

he letter spacing which is effected by means of the pawls 41 engaging the.tooth rod 42 and which has a gear connection with the thread shaft 57 is of uniform extent with respect to the different letter keys but when such keys as punctuation keys are depressed, the rod 42 is rotated both on the down and up-strokes of the punctuation keys. This additional motion which is imparted to the rod 42 is effected by the pawls 411 carried by the punctuation keys only and makes unnecessary the depression of the space key at such times.

I claim:

1. A typewriting machine, comprising a stationary platen, a carriage arranged to travel over said platen from side to side thereof, a type-carrier supported in said carriage, said type-carrier being shiftable in said carriage in a direction transverse to the direction of-travel of said carriage, and

a plurality of type keys each arranged to differentially shlft the type-carrierin said carriage and impart a step-by-step motion to said'carriage.

2. A typewriting machine, comprising .a platen, a type-carrier carriage, a' ty ei-carrier. supported in said carriage, a rac sup-J ported on said carriage, a gear coacting with said rack for differentially shifting said carrier with respect to said platen, a pinion fixed on said gear, an oscillatory frame pivotally mounted on an axis extending longitudinally of said platen and having agear segment coacting withsaid pinion, a shoulder carried by said frame and located on one side of said axis, anda plurality of keyoperated levers having differentially inclined f surfaces, each'adapted tocoact with said shoulder for shifting said frame.

3. A typewriting m'achine, comprising a platen, a type-carrier carriage, a type-carrier supported in said carriage, a rack sup-,

ported on said carriage,,a gear coacting with said rack for differentially shifting said carrier with respect to said platen, a pinion fixed on said gear, an oscillatory framepivotally'mounted on an axis extending longitudinally. of said platen and having a gear segment coacting with saidpinion, a pair of shoulders carried by said frame and located one on each side of said axis, and a plurality of key-operated levers having differentially, inclined surfaces, each adapted to coact with one of said shoulders for shifting said frame and withthe other for pre-: venting overthrow.

4. A typewriting machine, comprising a platen, a type-carrier carriage, a type-carrier supported in said carriage, means for differentially reciprocating said carriage for the purpose of bringing selected type on the type-carrier to the printing point, said means comprising an oscillatory frame geared to said carriage, a plurality of leversfor coacting with said frame, and keys for operating said levers, said frame and levers having differently inclined coacting surfaces.

5. A typewriting machine comprising a platen, a type-carrier carriage, writing keys, and connections between said writing keys and said carriage adapted upon depressions of keys'to cause a step-by-step motion of said carriage with respect to the platen in one direction and a differential adjustment of the carriage transversely to said direction for the purpose of selecting type,

nections being also arranged to move the type-carrier -toward the platen to effect an.

impression.

6. A typewriting machine, comprising a frame, a platen supported in said frame, a cvlindric'al type-carrier having a plurality of sets of different type extending axially along its surface, writing keys arranged to difierentially adjust the type-carrier in the direction of its length with respect to the platen and for causing the type-carrier to said conmove toward the platen after its differential adjustment, and coacting mechanism connected to said type-carrier and mounted on said frame and adapted'to cause the rota-i tion of said type-carrier during the movement of said carrier toward said platen.

7 A typewriting machine, comprising a frame, a platen supported in said frame, a

cylindrical type-carrier having a plurality of sets of different type extending axially along its surface, writing keys arranged to differentially adjust the type-carrier in the direction of its length with respect to the platen and for causing the type-carrier to move toward the platen after its differential adjustment, coacting mechanism connected to said type-carrier and mounted on said frame and adapted to cause the rotation of said type-carrier during the movement of said carrier toward said platen, and means for adjusting said coacting mechanism so as to control the amount of rotation of said carrier.

Signed at Chicago this 9th day of December, 1918.

EDWARDS B. STUART; 

